1. Carbon emissions: Aircraft burn aviation fuel and produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. The application of SAF will therefore leads to broader objective of reducing aviation lifecycle emissions.

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2. Carbon credits: Carbon market units are separate instruments used under specific programmes to account for emissions reductions or removals. Many carbon market units are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. A carbon credit is not the same as SAF or a SAF related environmental attribute.

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3. SAF addresses aviation emissions at the fuel level. The International Civil Aviation Organization (“ICAO”) defines SAF as renewable or waste derived aviation fuel that meets applicable sustainability criteria. SAF can reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional jet fuel, with results determined by feedstock, production pathway, certification method and accounting boundary.

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4. Start of SAF cycle: The International Air Transport Association (“IATA”) reported about 1.0 million tonnes of global SAF production in 2024, 1.9 million tonnes for 2025, and projected around 2.4 million tonnes in 2026, equal to about 0.8% of aviation fuel use. An IATA and Worley assessment estimates about 500 million tonnes would be required in 2050 under the aviation industry net zero pathway, compared with about 400 million tonnes of estimated global production potential.

 

IATA and Worley report that unblended SAF can, on average, reduce aviation fuel lifecycle CO2 emissions by about 70% to 80% compared with fossil based jet fuel.​​